Australian Aboriginal Dot Art Essay Example for Free

Australian Aboriginal Dot Art Essay Aboriginal art has been overshadowed by the idea that it is primarily presented in dots. It has got to the point where people believe that certain Aboriginal people own the dot and artists both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal are hesitant to use consecutive dots within artwork. Explain how the above has evolved and where dot art has come from Dot paintings today are recognised globally as unique and integral to Australian Aboriginal art. On the surface the dot is simply a style of Aboriginal painting, like the use of cross-hatching or stencil art. Exploring deeper into the history of the Aboriginal dot painting a world of camouflage, secrecy and ritual is discovered. The term ‘dot painting’ stems from what the Western eye sees when faced with contemporary Aboriginal acrylic paintings. This painting style arose from the Papunya art movement in the 1970s. Papunya Tula artists used a process which originally mirrored traditional spiritual ceremonies. In such rituals the soil would be cleared and smoothed over as a canvas (much like the dark, earthy boards used by the Papunya Tala) for the inscription of sacred designs, replicating movements of ancestral beings upon earth. These Dreaming designs were outlined with dancing circles and often surrounded with a mass of dots. Afterward the imprinted earth would be smoothed over, painted bodies rubbed away, masking the sacred-secrets which had taken place. This ritual was shifted from ground to canvas by the Papunya Tula who eventually added an array of naturally produced colours to the restricted palette of red, yellow, black and white produced from ochre, charcoal and pipe clay. Such pieces reveal a map of circles, spirals, lines, dashes and dots, the traditional visual language of the Western Desert Aboriginal People. However these marks were permanent and due to arising interest made public, creating internal political uproar. Consequently representations of sacred objects were forbidden or concealed through the dotting technique. Now that the collecting of pieces of Aboriginal art has become so popular world-wide, a common, mistaken belief is that the Dot Painting Style of Central Australia is a recent development. This belief arises because it was in the 1960s that a Central Australian school teacher encouraged the old men of the tribe to record their art on European sheets of board, using acrylic paints. This use of acrylic paints on flat board dates from that time. However, the art style itself, with geometric designs, is seen in the petroglyphs (rock engravings) dating back thousands of years. Ancient petroglyphs showing concentric circles (non-naturalistic art style), inland South Australia The use of dots was once Australia-wide, particularly seen on body decoration when people are painted for ceremonies, and paintings in the remote Kimberley region where dots are clearly seen on the body decoration of some of the earliest human figures, likely to be older than 20,000 years. See accompanying photo. ) Dot decoration on the body of an ancient human figure, Kimberley Aboriginal Art: Traditional to Contemporary The resurgence of Australian Indigenous art has become one of the most brilliant and exciting new eras of modern art. It has grown with such amazing diversity and enthusiasm that art critic, Robert Hughes, has described it as the last great art movement. For indigenous Austr alians art has been a part of their culture and tradition for thousands of years and is recognised as one of the oldest living art traditions. Though, over the past 30 years it has progressed from being confined primarily to the tourist industry, to become a richly, evolving international art movement. Since the Renaissance of Aboriginal art during the early 1970s, Aboriginal artists have been encouraged to find new, innovative ways of incorporating cultural traditions into their imagery. This encouragement first began through an art teacher, Geoffrey Bardon, who became the catalyst for contemporary Aboriginal art. Fascinated by the traditional sand designs created by Indigenous children in Papunya, Bardon encouraged the Aboriginal community to re-create their Dreamtime stories through paintings. He introduced them to acrylic paint and from there Aboriginal art gained a more permanent form and the style, popularly known as dot art, emerged as the most recognisable form of Aboriginal art. It was a new form of art which also allowed Aborigines to, for the first time, express to the rest of Australia and the world, the ancient traditions of their culture. Many Aboriginal artists have chosen to continue practicing traditional art as a means of conserving the conventional method of creating, inherited from their tribal ancestors. Their content, which is explicitly aboriginal, is usually derived from their history and culture, as a continuation of the spiritual link they possess with their country. Research When The emergence of dot paintings by Indigenous men from the western deserts of Central Australia in the early 1970s has been called the greatest art movement of the twentieth century. Prior to this, most cultural material by Indigenous Australians was collected by anthropologists. Consequently, collections were found in university departments or natural history museums worldwide, not art galleries. Where That all changed at a place called Papunya. Papunya was a sit-down place established in the early 1960s, 240 kilometres northwest of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory (NT). The settlement brought together people from several western desert language groups: the Pintupi, Warlpiri, Arrernte (Aranda), Luritja, and the Anmatyerr, who were unaccustomed to living in close proximity to each other. Dot Painting or Aboriginal Dot Art originated in the desert using natural substances on the ground in the sand. Those pictures in the sand are not unlike the paintings we see today produced using acrylic paints. The acrylic paintings are usually done using acrylic paint and it is applied to canvas or art board with various diameter sticks dipped into paint and then applied one dot at a time. The Australian Aborigine of the western desert constructed their stories using ochre, sand, blood, coal from their fires and plant material placed together on the ground clump by clump for various ceremonial occasions. If you look at the desert landscape from the height of any small bluff or hill what you see looking down are clumps of growth scattered about a red landscape. The spinifix grass, desert hardwood bush and occasional rocks or rock outcrops make up the myriad of dots that seem to cover the landscape. Because everything in the desert has meaning to the Australian Aborigine these seemingly unimportant arrays of pattern in the desert have special meaning to the Dot painters of the western desert. If you were to ever fly over the desert low enough to see what was on the ground you would see what he dot painting has replicated for you to see. These dots are a myriad of clumps of natural splendour which might go unnoticed had you not seen a dot painting and looked to see what it was about. The arrangement of the plants, rocks and water are all part of the spirit of creation and it is because of this placement that Aboriginal people have traversed the deserts safely without printed maps for th ousands of years. The placement and arrangement of all of these natural things are in songs and these songs are often sung while the painting is being created. Nearly every painting has a song and the songs often disclose important ceremonial facts about a particular region or area. These important ceremonial places are often in the paintings but because they are sacred to Aboriginal people they are camouflaged in some way, visible to the initiated person but invisible to others who do not know what to look for. Many paintings contain these special hidden meanings and the new owners of these paintings will never know what the whole story of their purchased painting is about. Only over time may some insight be gained from looking at the painting. This is a point of pride among the Australian Aboriginal artists because they see the purchase of their art or for them the sale of their art, as a validation of their race and culture by others. This is because a value has been placed on the art. Since the Australian Aboriginal culture is depicted in all traditional paintings they are passing down their knowledge in the only way they are able, to those who have yet to understand it. The Aboriginal people do not have a written language so these painting of their stories and ceremonies are all they have to save this culture for future generations. The colour and the placement of the dots are important to depicting the visible message and camouflaging the hidden message in Aboriginal dot art. Even the over painting of an area of the work has special significance and may convey different messages. Some people gifted with a since of tactile feeling are able to feel a special vibrancy emanating from their painting. Who Many of the significant early artists at Papunya were senior men who had vivid memories of their first contact with white people. Typically, they came out of the desert as adults during the 1950s drought and their connection to ritual law was strong. The first artists collective, Papunya Tula Artists, was set up in 1972 by men from this settlement. Papunya Tula Artists was the inspiration and model for many other Indigenous artists collectives. In 2009 there are 42 desert Indigenous art communities represented by Desert. The artwork was seen as a way to keep the culture alive, and carry Indigenous stories to the world. The movement was seen as being about recollection and cultural memories linked to Dreaming’s or story types. Why the modern aboriginal â€Å"dot art† movement started? Geoffrey Bardon AM (1940–2003) Geoffrey Bardon began working as an art teacher at Papunya Special School in 1971. Concerned that the schools curriculum, appearance and ethos seemed out of step with Aboriginal culture, Bardon attempted unsuccessfully to involve his class in painting a series of murals on the school walls. Thereupon Kaapa Tjampitjinpa, Long Jack Phillipus Tjakamarra, Billy Stockman Tjapaltjarri and others created the Honey Ant Mural, which inspired many senior men to ask Bardon for painting materials and eventually begin painting in the Mens Painting Room. The Mens Painting Room, Papunya Johnny Warangkula Tjupurrula can be seen in the middle ground painting a Kalinypa Water Dreaming. His two boomerangs are placed in front of the board as percussion instruments, ready to be used to accompany the verses of the Water Dreaming, sung at intervals during the painting process, June-August 1971 Photo: Michael Jensen Convinced of the groundbreaking importance of what he was witnessing, Bardon made comprehensive photographic, moving film and written records of the artists and the paintings that they produced while he was at Papunya. From his primary research, Bardon wrote three books and made three films that initiated public interest in Western Desert art. In 1988 Bardon was awarded the Order of Australia Medal for his unique contribution to the Western Desert art movement. The Honey Ant Mural, July 1971 Geoffrey Bardon and his Arerrnte assistant, Obed Raggett, had noticed people drawing designs in the sand at Papunya. Following this precedent, they drew circles and spirals on the blackboard in an unsuccessful attempt to encourage their class of adolescent boys to paint a series of murals on a whitewashed, cement-rendered wall of the Papunya Special School. In late July 1971, after painting a series of smaller practice murals, seven painters collaborated in the painting of a monumental mural representing the Honey Ant Dreaming specific to the site of Papunya. Working under the direction of custodians Mick Wallangkarri Tjakamarra and Tom Onion Tjapangati, the artists included Kaapa Tjampitjinpa, Billy Stockman Tjapaltjarri, Long Jack Phillipus Tjakamarra, Johnny Warangkula Tjupurrula and Don Ellis Tjapanangka. The Honey Ant Mural, a bold expression of Aboriginal culture in a government settlement, occasioned great rejoicing at Papunya and inspired immense pride in the community. Geoffrey Bardon in front of the Honey Ant Mural, Papunya, August 1971 Photo: Robert Bardon  © artists and their estates 2011, licensed by Aboriginal Artists Agency Limited and Papunya Tula Artists Pty Ltd Pintupi people from the Western Desert Pintupi is the name of a Western Desert language spoken by Aboriginal people who belong to a large stretch of country in the Gibson Desert of Western Australia and the western edge of the Northern Territory. When the Pintupi arrived in the government settlements east of their traditional lands between the 1930s and the 1950s, they adopted the term Pintupi to distinguish themselves from the surrounding Aboriginal inhabitants as the people from the west. They were among the last Aboriginal people in Australia to abandon their nomadic lifestyle, the last family arriving into the newly established community of Kiwirrkura in 1984. In Papunya, the Pintupi, bound to each other by their dominant loyalties of relatedness and kinship, were ostracised due to their lack of conversance with kartiya (non-Aboriginal) customs and their perceived lack of sophistication. Diversity within â€Å"dot art† showing two different artists works. Uta Uta Tjangala Traditional Artist Uta Uta Tjangala, who is an exemplar of the historical cultural tradition, Uta Uta’s painting career and reputation is closely aligned to the artistic renaissance that began at Papunya in 1971. He was a founding member of the mens painting group, inspired other Pintupi tribesmen, and becoming one of the most senior and influential painters amongst the group. Born in Western Australia in Drovers Hills, he made the epic journey to Haasts Bluff with his family during the severe drought of the mid to late 1950’s in the company of Charlie Tarawa. Two years later, after returning to his homelands, he made the journey once more with Timmy Payungka, Pinta Pinta and their families. Uta Uta Tjangala (early years) Employed as a gardener at the Papunya school Uta Uta, then in his 40’s, became one of the original group drawing and painting on composition board with encouragement from art teacher Geoff Bardon. When supplying paints to Uta Uta and his gathering group of enthusiastic friends, Bardon suggested the men use their existing cultural symbols to depict their Dreamings and links to the land. The Pintupi men, having been pushed from their traditional homelands by government policy and European development, painted under a bough shelter behind the camp pouring into their work their acute longing for the places depicted †¦ and chanting the song cycles that told the stories of the designs as they worked . These early works aroused strong protest within Aboriginal communities when first exhibited in Alice Springs in 1974 because of the disclosure of secret and sacred knowledge. A period of experimentation followed, resulting in the development of a symbolic language of classic ideograms and the characteristic dot covered areas that veil sacred elements from the uninitiated. The large, tribally mixed population of Papunya intensified the interaction, but under the influence of artists like Uta Uta, the painting group was able to break through the political and cultural constraints toward a safer stylistic conformity, and prepare the way for personal and distinctive styles to emerge. Uta Uta in particular, with his exciting and charismatic personality as well as his bold and dynamic style, played a vital role in these developments. Bardon recalled many years later, everything that came from him was genuine . Uta Uta’s 1971 and 1972 paintings generally featured major story elements with only the barest dotted in-fill within the iconography and small sections of the background. The aesthetic balance and harmony of these works is derived through colour and weight rather than by a geometric division of the painted surface. The rather crude dotting and line work of these early paintings on board embues them with an energy and power that is less apparent in his later more technically proficient works. His paintings are far stronger and more powerful when the clean unadorned background remains, unlike paintings by his contemporary Kaapa, whose early works became more aesthetically appealing as he began to in-fill the background. In developing a style that censored the more secret and sacred content in his painting, Uta Uta added more dot-work as the years went by. He painted more Tingari sites completely surrounded by neat dots that became less and less detailed. Despite his advancing age during the late 1970’s he continued to paint as he spent increasing time at outstations west of Papunya and, at the beginning of the 1980’s, he completed what was to become one of the most important and revered works of the entire Western Desert art movement. Yumari 1981, possibly his largest and most significant painting, reveals the mythical Tingari ancestors traveling across vast stretches of country as they create sites and institute rituals. Yumari is a rocky outcrop in his home country and the key ceremonial site of the area. Story elements and natural features blend seamlessly into a beautifully balanced geometry of concentric circles and connecting lines that enclose a central, abstracted figure. This body continues rather than interrupts the intense, minutely dotted background configurations, yet still holds the central focus. The work is characterised by the sinuous movement of converging regular and irregular shapes, accentuated by outlining white dots. The predominant use of an earthy red alongside vivid yellow ochre, further emphasizes the assertive quality in this cohesive and powerful statement of Aboriginal tradition. The work was exhibited at the XVIII Bienal de Sao Paulo in 1983 and is now in the collection of the National Museum of Australia. While painting Yumari, important discussions were taking place at Papunya concerning the move back to the Pintupi homelands at Kintore. Land rights legislation during the 1970’s returned ownership of the land to its traditional owners and Uta Uta was a strong advocate for resettlement.

In Our Time :: essays research papers

The Nick Adams stories were my favorite of the collection because I got to know Nick through the reading. I started to understand Nick and I could anticipate the actions and feelings that he was feeling. I am not sure if this is because I became familiar with Nick or because I have done many of the things Nick has done and was able to understand what he was doing."Big Two-Hearted River: Part I and II" were the most enjoyable short stories of the ones I read. The language that Hemingway uses is ideally suited for describing Nick's activities by the river. Hemingway's simple declarative sentences are all that is needed to convey the wonderful scene of Nick struggling with his pack, setting up his tent, and cooking his food. I have also done all the things that Nick was doing by the river and I was able to understand his satisfaction at pulling up a sound tent. Little sentences like "He was careful not to let the hook bite into his finger" convey so much meaning to anyone who has ever tried to tighten a fishing hook on a line that you can only help but nod your head in agreement.I must admit that despite not being at the center of your course I could not help but think of how much Hemingway's content was influenced by his life. Many of the stories like "The Doctor and the Doctor's Wife" were based directly on personal experiences of Hemingway's life. Since it is not the focus of your course, I am trying to just accepted the content and concentrate more on writing style and the way Hemingway writes something. I have found it difficult to pay close attention to both the story and the writing at the same time and have had to reread several times.

Howard Zinn on Democratic Education Essay

Upon reading the book, Howard Zinn on Democratic Education, I felt a lot of questions I had regarding education was answered. I had always regarded education as something liberating, something that would be able to teach students how to become enlightened. That is why I read a lot of books. But regarding my schooling, I questioned why we are loaded with so much homework and tests, we end up not deeply understanding anything at all, because there is no time to process all the information. It is as if our schooling stunts our educational growth. Yet, the irony of it is they teach us so much facts of how, where, when, who, and what, but I had this nagging suspicion that teachers were hiding vital information from us. I did not know what exactly, but I always felt something was missing because I could not connect what I learned in school to what was happening to our country as I watched the news. It was as if there was a missing link, a key that would make everything make sense. Yet, as the years in the academe passed, I encountered no such link. Until now. It was as if my youthful objections found validation. I had always felt that my schooling lacked feeling. All these hard facts were discussed as if they did not involve people. We really never knew, through history, how terror felt when planes during the World War II flew overhead, or triumph when the war was declared over. It is not anybody’s fault. I think, history cannot be studied; it has to be lived. Although in my opinion, it can be remedied. Instead of sitting in classrooms all day, reciting facts, we should focus on gathering our own information regarding events. This does not mean reading even unassigned readings. I have always thought that people are not foolish. Each individual has a unique story, if we only care to listen. We should experience learning, and this can only be done by going out of the classroom, and learning from living people. After all, the papers our books are made up of were once living things too. The critical question now is, what now? Now that we possess such knowledge, what must we do with it? Knowledge that is not followed by action is a dead thing. We could start through transforming our own classroom, if we are to teach, or even in our own homes. Drop-out rates are not surprising due to the fact that so few kids feel remotely connected to their schooling. If we involve these kids, make them see that it is also their classmates’ loss if they do not attend classes, they can be pulled back into the academe. To do this, they must be able to feel that they can contribute something to the discussion, whether it be a question or an opinion. We must impress upon our minds that there are no right or wrong questions or opinions. Each comes from a different background (hence a different culture), so we must be patient and understanding. We must also find tangent points; we must connect the academe with their lives. We must do away with the notion that scholars have ivory towers. We must reconnect. Because this is what education does. It reconnects people with other people. It reconnects people with ideas. It reconnects people with opportunities. It reconnects people with hope. If all the attendants in a classroom participate freely and energetically, actively molding their curriculum to suit their individual needs, we will have captured the essence of a democratic education. Through this, we will have a truly democratic country. References Schugurensky, D. (2005). Howard Zinn on Democratic Education. International Journal of Citizenship and Teacher Education , 1, 99-100.

The Relationship Between Herbert And Bonnie Clutter

The famously known novel, In Cold Blood was written by Truman Capote and was published in 1966. The novel written by Capote was based on the 1959 murders of the Clutter family in Holcomb, Kansas. The novel later became a classic 1967 film directed by Richard Brooks. Throughout the film and the book, one seems to notice the multiple differences that occurs within both. While some viewers and readers may debate about the similarities and differences of In Cold Blood film v. In Cold Blood text, one cannot deny the major differences in the depth of exploration of the Clutter’s marriage and the question of who killed whom, and the similarity of the characterization of Dick and Perry throughout. Though there are many differences, the biggest one is the relationship between Herbert and Bonnie Clutter. The relationship between Herbert and Bonnie Clutter was a big part of the novel, simply because it gave the readers an insight on how the Clutter’s had a normal life and no one expected the family’s outcome. It was one of the biggest differences between the movie and the novel, making the film seem less satisfying than the novel because the novel let the readers see the dynamic exploration of the marriage itself. In the film, it briefly shows the Clutters before the family was murdered in 1959. The brief introduction within the film holds little entail about the Clutter family, so if one were to watch the film without the knowledge of the Holcomb murders, one would not grasp the ideaShow MoreRelatedTruman Capote s Cold Blood1365 Words   |  6 Pagesgroundwork for future true crime novels. The foundation of the story is the tragic murder of the Clutter family, Herbert, Bonnie, Nancy, and Kenyon, and the effect it had on small town of Holcomb, Kansas. In Cold Blood is a â€Å"journalistic novel† that has â€Å"the credibility of fact, the immediacy of film, the depth and freedom of prose, and the precision of poetry,. Throughout the novel, Capote switches between the perspective of the killers, the victims, and those who live in the town. This creates a uniqueRead MoreThe Clutter Family Roles In Truman Capotes In Cold Blood1281 Words   |  6 Pagesof Holcomb, Kansas. Capote takes the reader through the sequence of events that transpired before, during, and after the members of the Clutter family are unexpectedly murdered on November 15, 1959. He describes in detail the background of each of the main characters, which helps to clarify the motives of Richard Hickock and Perry Smith as they murder the Clutters. He illustrates how a positive or negative influence of an individual’s environment, lifestyle, and occasionally family can impact themRead MoreAnalysis Of Truman Capote s Cold Blood 1500 Words   |  6 PagesIn his novel In Cold Blood, Truman Capote writes about the Clutter family murders, which took place in November 1959. Herbert Clutter, Bonnie Clutter, and two of their children (Nancy and Kenyon) are murdered in their Holcomb, Kansas home by Perry Smith and Richard â€Å"Dick† Hickock. Capote s novel, though telling the tale of true events, took on fictional, literary elements, creating a genre of its own: the nonfiction novel. It is through these literary elements that Capote sought for his readersRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPerception? 166 Factors That Influence Perception 167 165 Person Perception: Making Judgments About Others 168 Attribution Theory 168 †¢ Common Shortcuts in Judging Others 170 †¢ Specific Applications of Shortcuts in Organizations 173 The Link Between Perception and Individual Decision Making 174 Decision Making in Organizations 175 The Rational Model, Bounded Rationality, and Intuition 175 †¢ Common Biases and Errors in Decision Making 177 Influences on Decision Making: Individual Differences and

Diversity And Its Impact On Society - 2310 Words

In many major cities, like Chicago, people choose to segregate into communities with other people of similar race, backgrounds, social class, and so on. However, does that go to say that this is the most effective way of living to benefit society, or is it just the most comfortable? If communities and neighborhoods within these major cities were to integrate with different cultures and live together as one, society could improve greatly from it. To live and be a part of a culturally diverse community would mean to have â€Å"a system of beliefs and behaviors that recognizes and respects the presence of all diverse groups in an organization or society, acknowledges and values their socio-cultural differences, and encourages and enables their continued contribution within an inclusive cultural context which empowers all within the organization or society† (Belfield). Culturally diverse communities within these major cities would benefit the city and society by increasing innovat ions and economic growth, increasing education, and improving relationships between different races, in turn, decreasing racism. Diversity plays a key role in the economy of major cities. With cultural diversity comes different ideas and innovations and people with different skills that can each contribute in different ways to the community. In a research paper done by Philipp Agner and Markus Bruckner titled Cultural Diversity and Economic Growth: Evidence from the US during the Age of Mass Migration,Show MoreRelatedReligious Diversity And Its Impact On Society1792 Words   |  8 Pagessecularisation and the changes in society bought about by capitalism and the Reformation have come together in contemporary Australia to forge a time where there is a complex relationship between religion and society. While statistics show that there are declining numbers from the traditional religions of the 19th and 20th century, it would appear that a pattern is emerging where people are not necessarily less religious, but instead there is an increase of religious diversity is Australia. This essayRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The Diversity Of A Countries Society1201 Words   |  5 Pagesgrowing closer and father apart. Conflicts within and across countries have a tremendous effect on not only the people who live in these places, but the relationship among other countries as well. Immigration places a huge role in the diversity of a countries society. Through the interaction and integration of certain resources, people, and religions, conflict is increased within and across these areas. We see these up rises in places such as France and India. 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According to a study conducted by Korn Ferry International, it classifies diversity into six buckets as below. 1.Relational: How we relate and rejuvenate (Family status, Parental, Marital, Behavior, Personal Habits, Generation and Partner) 2.Cognitive: How we think and process information (Thinking, learning, interpersonal, communication, Introvert, Extravert, IQ and EQ) 3.Occupational: How we work andRead MoreThe Impact Of Diversity On Strategic Marketing1556 Words   |  7 PagesThe impact of diversity in strategic marketing in today’s society has increased in the American population. Before we get in depth with this let’s find out what is diversity marketing according to (diversity marketing) Customers in different cultures have different values, experiences, expectations, and ways of interacting. Even within a culture, such differences will be apparent between different subgroups not just ethnicity, but also age, gender, profession, religion, family size, physical environmentRead MoreHigh Performance Team Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesIn this paper I will discuss how a team/group can become a high-performance team/group, examine the demographic characteristics and culture diversity and the impact on the team/group behavior. I will also describe how demographic characteristics and cultural diversity contribute to or detract from high-performance groups or teams. What is a team/group? A team/group is a group of people who form together to complete a mutual goal such as a presentation, paper, discussing a topic or creating a

A New Small Scale Boutique for women Apparels

Question: Develop your business idea into a viable business model, review your market / industry, competitors and your competitive advantage (who are your competitors and why are you different?). You need to demonstrate that you understand your market and who will buy your product or service and why. Answer: Company and Product Overview My business idea is to open a new small scale boutique for women apparels. The purpose of this boutique is to concentrate on the clothing of the young ladies. The products which are going to highlight in this boutique are the trendy and fashionable outfits which grab the mind of the young ladies. Other accessories like handbags, wallets, ladies watches, rings etc are also planning to be displayed. The boutique is going to open in a prime location in London. Since the location selected is in the city center there will be more attraction for the shop which can enhance the inflow of the customers. A supervisor and three staff members are planning to allot in the boutique so as to help and assist the customers and make their purchasing experience satisfactory. Ladies Apparels: coupon cabin, 2015 The apparels selected would be from the leading fashion designers so that quality and the design of the clothing can be ensured. The clothing which is displayed in the showroom would be trendy and handpicked by the expert fashion designers which can gather good fame and reputation for the organization. For making this business idea successful, it is essential to conduct a market research on UK market primarily in London as it is a small scale company. Other risk factors, opportunities, competitors analysis are also to be conducted so as to formulate appropriate business strategies (Navarro, 2015). Market Analysis As far a new business plan is taken into consideration, market analysis is relevant for its success. For opening a new shop and to implement the business activities successfully it is very essential to identify the influence of the internal and the external business environment over the new business idea. The feasibility and reliability of the business idea women apparel boutique in the UK market can be determined by performing market analysis. Some of the scientific management tools which can be adopted for this purpose are the PESTLE analysis, SWOT analysis and Porters five force analysis (Basiri et al, 2016). PESTLE Analysis Political: As far as the UK market is taken into consideration, the political situation is highly stable. The organization can smoothly launch their new business without any political hindrance. Getting license and approval for the boutique will be easier under this political situation. Economical: Since the UK is an economically stable market, finding the financial source for the investment for the boutique will be easier. Through providing the tax rates and other tariffs as per the regulation of the UK government the business operations of the boutique can be carried out smoothly (Carthy and Hay, 2015). Social: The UK is a market with a good buying potential. The customers over there prefer new and standardized products. Almost all families have dual income which makes them potential enough to buy trendy apparels. Technological: The UK population prefers technological up gradations and are quick adapters to the new products. Through providing online services, it will be easier to positively influence the sales and promotion of the new product line. Legal: The legal issues can arise here as there are many competitors in this industry. Some complications can happen while entering into the contract with the fashion designers other suppliers etc. As the government of UK wants the small scale organizations also to follow the rules and regulations of the health and safety of employees, employee rights etc, it also becomes essential to stick on to those policies so as to avoid legal complications (Huizer et al, 2015). Environmental: The nonseasonal periods can affect the sales and the promotion apparels. Porters Five Force Analysis This is an effective tool which can be utilized for the analysis of the external environment of the organization. Through this tool the risks associated with the external factors of the new business idea boutique for women apparels. Bargaining Power of Customers: The bargaining power of the customers for this product will be very high. The customers are having lots of other options for buying the apparels they prefer. If the customer is not satisfied with the product quality or price, then they can opt for other brands easily (Mathooko and Ogutu, 2015). Porters five force analysis Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The demand for the suppliers will also be high as there is many small scale and large scale clothing showrooms in London. Getting the appointment and entering into an agreement with leading fashion designers are much difficult. For continuing the contract with the fashion designers and other suppliers, it is necessary to maintain a good relationship with them (Fitzpatrick, Nguyen and Cayan, 2015). The Threat of new entrants: The probability that the new organization can rise in this industry offering the same product is very high. This can affect the sales and the profit generation of the organization. The Threat of Substitute products: This threat is lower for this product as there is no substitute for the clothing and the women prefer to wear the trendy dress all times (Doyle and Windheim, 2015). Competitive Rivalry: The competition is very high in this industry. There are many national and international companies who are offering quality and standardized clothing to the customers of UK. SWOT Analysis The strength, weakness, threat and opportunities of the new business idea boutique for women apparels are determined and highlighted here (Jaber et al, 2015). Strength weakness Good demand for the trendy apparels The product selected is nonperishable provision of online services Lack of experience to deal with the new business. Threat Opportunities High degree of competition. Customers buying decision can change frequently The UK is a potential market for the clothing industry and the chances of growth are very high. Target Market Segments For placing the products appropriately and to make the promotional activities more effective, it is essential to segment the markets according to the product. Here the UK market can be segmented and the target market segments can be identified for the new retail shop. The target market segments are considered as the right audience of the product who can buy the product or who is in need of the product (Grg, 2016). For this small scale organization, the target market can be segmented broadly into women segment. The product is primarily intended for women who belong to all age groups. The target audience women are also classified based on the income of the family. The target segments are specified below. Target segment 1: Business class women: This segment of customers requires executive collections which suit for their business activities. This category of women will have enough potential to afford costly apparels for their business purpose and also for other occasions. Hence, this segment is a potential segment and can be approached appropriately. These segment wont be bothered about the money rather they provide importance to the quality of the product; hence, they are more potential customers (Milln, Fanjul and Moital, 2016). Target segment 2: High-class women: This segment of customers provides value only to quality not to the price of the product. As far as UK market is taken into consideration, the percentage of high-class women is huge, especially in London. These segments prefer costly and trendy apparels. Target segment 3: Young ladies: These segments prefer low cost and trendy clothing. They act as the frequent visitors to the shop as their mind changes as the trend changes. (Du et al, 2016). The size of each target market segment in the UK market is statistically represented below Market Entry Strategy While launching a new retail shop, it is essential to adopt appropriate market entry strategy so that the customers can be attracted easily. For launching the new business in the market UK, the organization can adopt the following market entry strategy (Burton and Cross, 2015. A). Strategic alliance: Entering into a partnership with the other leading retailers or wholesalers in the UK can be an efficient and a risk-free strategy. Under this strategy business risk associated with an investment, marketing, promotion, formulation of business strategies etc will be less. The main issue associated with it is the sharing of the business information and sometime this market entry strategy can delay the decision making process. It would be a better strategy if a credible partner is identified for implementing the strategic alliance (Ensign and Lunney, 2015). Opening show-room in the UK: This is a good option for maintaining the quality policies, standards etc of the small scale organization. Through this the risks associated with the information sharing, damage in the reputation etc can be avoided. This strategy requires huge investments and political risks are required. The organization will have to undergo with many formalities to get sanction from the government (Li, Qian and Yao, 2015). Business Model The business models of an organization can be considered as a strategic management tool or as an entrepreneurial tool which can be used to highlight and specify various methods which a firm adopts so as to make the revenue as per the plans and estimates. It involves various methods through which can be adopted for making a business successful or to run a business as per the plan (Sols, Masanell and Tatj, 2015). Business models, source: creative realities, PDMA, 2011 A business model can be developed for the new small scale organization for the launching of its new retail business. Key Partners Investors, vendor or retailers in the UK market, regulatory agencies. Key Activities Branch operations, getting the license, making online facilities for apparels, providing training and development to staff members. Key Resources Financial resources for performing the international business, sufficient human resources. Value propositions Deposit products at lower interest rates and loan products at higher interest rates. Relationships maintaining public relations and providing high quality customer service Channels Product distribution channels like the retailers in the UK market, intermediate agencies. Customer Segments Target market segment involves the business class women, high class and the youth. Cost structure internal expense, construction costs, marketing costs, tax rates and tariff rates, labor costs etc. Revenue Streams Revenue from online sales, direct sales in the market, strategic alliance etc. Business model for new retail shop Estimated Budget for opening the apparel retail show room: Legal $1,000Logo, Stationery $1,500 Utilities Telephone $2,000 Packaging $2,500 Business Supplies $600 Real Estate Attorney $2,000CPA $500 Grand Opening Event $3,000 Signage $1,500 POS System $3,500 Bank Card Machine Supplies $400 Build-out $15,000 Business Inventory Insurance $2,500 Travel-Market Buying Trips $2,250 Total Start-up Expenses $38,250 Start-up Assets $18,200 Start-up Inventory $80,000 Other Current Assets $0 Long-term Assets $15,000 Total Assets $113,200Total Requirements $151,450 Competitors identification, Analysis and competitive advantage Identification of the competitors is very essential for an organization so as to remain competitive in the market. Through monitoring the activities of the competitors the organization can formulate efficient strategies through which they can gain competitive advantage. The competitors are involved in the external environment of the organization which can influence the smooth functioning of the organization. Here some of the competitors of the new small scale organization are identified and certain analysis is performed (Yu, Wang and Brouthers, 2015). The competitors for this new small scale retail shop in the UK are to be identified so as to formulate strategies to achieve competitive advantage. Some of them include the Pretty Eccentric a British clothing retailer (Pretty Eccentric, 2011), Hobbs, ASOS etc. These three organizations are the leading retail shops in UK market which holds a good customer base. These organizations remained successful in achieving good sales and revenue from the UK market. Now competitor analysis is performed on these organizations to identify its strength and weakness which will contribute to the gaining of opportunities and identifying threats for the new retail shop (Kim, 2015). Competitors Strengths Weakness Pretty Eccentric Good customer loyalty and reputation. Have traditional and heritage value Lacks online facilities Hobbs Trendy product lines highly savvy less product differentiation ASOS Branded product High quality and standards. High cost Less product differentiation. The identified strength and weakness can be considered for building up competitive advantage for the organization. So as to achieve competitive advantage, the new boutique should focus on the promotion of the online service and purchase effectively as the UK customers prefers online purchase. New trendy and innovative apparels and other accessories can be introduced which enhances the convenience of the customers to compete with the market giants. Providing better customer service and satisfaction can also help the organization in achieving competitive advantage (Bharadwaj, Varadarajan and Fahy, 2015). Value Proposition Value proposition can be considered as a promise from the firm concerning the delivery of the value of the product or service and the belief of the customers regarding the value expectation from the firm. When these promise and the expectations are balanced, customer loyalty, satisfaction, sales, revenue etc can be generated (Osterwalder et al, 2015). Value selling proposition, source: peterjthomson, 2013 So as to maintain effective value proposition for the new organization I will have to identify the wants, fears, and needs of the target customers. The target segment business category women expect high quality, executive model apparels and other accessories which suit their occupation. Hence to maintain a value proposition the products matching their expectations should be displayed. Similarly the expectations of the high class as well the young ladies should also be met so as to gain more customer loyalty and revenue. The success of the new business remains in maintaining a balance between the customer expectations and the service provision. Providing high quality dress material, high quality customer service etc can add value to the success as well as the reputation of the organization. References Basiri, A., Moore, T., Hill, C. and Bhatia, P., 2015. Challenges of Location-Based Services Market Analysis: Current Market Description. In Progress in Location-Based Services 2014 (pp. 273-282), Springer International Publishing Bharadwaj, S.G., Varadarajan, P.R. and Fahy, J., 2015. Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Service Industries: A Conceptual Model and Research Propositions. In Proceedings of the 1992 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 441-443). Springer International Publishing. Breaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Sols, H., Casadesusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Masanell, R. and Grifellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Tatj, E., 2015. Business model evaluation: quantifying Walmart's sources of advantage. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 9(1), pp.12-33. Burton, F. and Cross, A.R., 2015. A Reappraisal of Franchising Across National Boundaries in Foreign Market Entry Mode Analysis, In Proceedings of the 1993 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 638-642). Springer International Publishing Du, F., Yang, F., Liang, L. and Yang, M., 2016. Do service providers adopting market segmentation need cooperation with third parties? An application to hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(1) Doyle, M.W. and Von Windheim, J., 2015. Environmental Management Strategy: Four Forces Analysis. Environmental management, 55(1), pp.6-18 Ensign, P.C. and Lunney, A.R., 2015, Struggling With Market Entry and Expansion: Parlance Communications in Mexico. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(3), pp.701-721 Fitzpatrick, B.D., Nguyen, Q.Q.A. and Cayan, Z., 2015. An Upgrade To Competitive Corporate Analysis: Creation Of A Personal Finance Platform To Strengthen Porters Five Competitive Forces Model In Utilizing. Journal of Business Economics Research (JBER), 13(1), pp.54-78 Grg, M., 2016, Market positions as perceived by project-based organisations in the typical project business segment. International Journal of Project Management, 34(2), pp.187-201 Huizer, Y.L., Kraaij-Dirkzwager, M.M., Timen, A., Schuitmaker, T.J. and van Steenbergen, J.E., 2015. Context analysis for epidemic control in the Netherlands, Health Policy, 119(1), pp.66-73 Jaber, J.O., Elkarmi, F., Alasis, E. and Kostas, A., 2015, Employment of renewable energy in Jordan: Current status, SWOT and problem analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 49, pp.490-499 Kim, K.H., 2015. Competitor Identià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cation Through Vicarious Learning. Research Journal of Business Management, 9(2), pp.308-318 Li, J., Qian, C. and Yao, F.K., 2015. Confidence in learning: Interà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ and intraorganizational learning in foreign market entry decisions. Strategic Management Journal, 36(6), pp.918-929 Milln, A., Fanjul, M.L. and Moital, M., 2016, Segmenting the Business Traveler Based on Emotions, Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intention, Psychology Marketing, 33(2), pp.82-93 Mathooko, F.M. and Ogutu, M., 2015, Porters five competitive forces framework and other factors that influence the choice of response strategies adopted by public universities in Kenya, International Journal of Educational Management, 29(3), pp.334-354 McCarthy, A. and Hay, S., 2015, Negotiation Planning in Practice, In Advanced Negotiation Techniques (pp. 57-60), Apress Navarro, F., 2015, Business plan: A preliminary approach to an unknown genre. Ibrica, 30, pp.129-154 Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., Bernarda, G. and Smith, A., 2015. Value Proposition Design: How to Create Products and Services Customers Want. John Wiley Sons Pretty Eccentric, 2011,"Sussex Life, https://www.prettyeccentric.co.uk/ Yu, C.L., Wang, F. and Brouthers, K.D., 2015, Domestic and foreign competitor identification and firm performance, European Journal of International Management, 9(4), pp.463-483 Appendix Literature Review The modern business environment is highly competitive and it becomes essential for each and every organization to expand its business to remain competitive and to enhance its profit margin. Product differentiation is an effective strategy for achieving the competitive advantage in the market. This paper speaks about the launching of a new business plan, a retail apparel show room exclusively for women. The plan is to launch this shop in the UK market. Various analysis are performed so as to ensure a successful launch for this small scale organization. Market analysis is the primary procedure before implementing product differentiation or for launching any new product or services. Various tools like PESTLE analysis, porters five force analysis, SWOT analysis etc can be performed for analyzing the market. Through these scientific management tools, the external and internal environment of the organization as well as the market can be analyzed. This will enable the organization to identify risks associated with the new launch, political, economical, social, technological, environment and legal factors which can influence the new business. The outcome of this analysis will enable the management to find solutions for various problems associated with the business plan. They can formulate effective strategies for making the new business successful. Here the target market is taken as UK for launching the new apparel shop, hence market analysis is performed based on UK. From the analysis it has been identified that UK is a potential market for new retail shop which is exclusively for women. The market condition is also identified as perfect where they can run the business smoothly. Identification of the target market segment and promoting the products appropriately can enhance the sales and the profit generation. Hence understanding the needs and requirement of the customers are necessary. Here based on the product market segmentation is performed for focusing the sales specifically based on customer requirement. The target market is segmented the target market into three different categories. They include the business class, high class and youth. This classification is performed based on the clothing requirement, income, life style etc of the target customers. This makes the promotional activities easier and customer specific. Adoption of the appropriate market entry strategy is relevant. This should be selected based on the current situation of the organization and the risk associated with the business. The market entry mode selected for the organization is strategic alliance and opening new show room. For the maintenance the reputation and standardization of the organization these two strategies are identified as appropriate. Developing of business model is practiced in almost all organizations for ensuring a systematic and hindrance free implementation of business paln. The business model has been developed for the retail shop highlighting the key resources, key activities, cost, revenue etc. The competitors of the organization are identified and an analysis is performed so as to identify its strength and weakness. This has enabled the management to formulate appropriate strategies to gain the competitive advantage. The value proposition of the new product and that of the expectation of the customers are analyzed which enabled in the identification of the unique selling point of the new business.

Sebastian Butler Essays (1105 words) - Film, Literature,

Sebastian Butler Mrs. Strickland Honors 9 June 12, 2016 Is Revenge Justifiable? Revenge is to avenge oneself by inflicting pain or harm on someone. (Merriam-Webster) Many people choose revenge because they like that feeling of having that last hit in. Those who believe that revenge is justifiable don't get anything from plotting revenge. Those who believe that revenge is not justifiable are the ones who have better lives. Revenge is not justifiable because it creates more problems and does not end positively as shown often in The Homecoming of Samuel Lake, by Jenny Wingfield and To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee. In The Homecoming of Samuel Lake there are many plots of revenge on different characters. These don't end well and they affect the way the story goes. Ras Ballenger is upset that the Lake family has kept his son, Blade from him but they only keep Blade because of Ras' abusive behavior towards Blade. Ras' wants his revenge on the Lake family, so what he does is kidnaps Samuel's daughter, Swan. He then takes her in this underground safe place and rapes her. He leaves her there but when Samuel realizes that she is gone things get bad. He right away heads to Ras' house to question him. When Samuel asks where his daughter is, Ras lies straight to Samuels face. Luckily Swan had a cowbell, which she shook as hard as she could for Samuel to hear. When he heard it he tackled Ras and twisted his neck, which killed him. This was Samuel's revenge on Ras for what he did to Swan. All this did was make matters worse because he killed a man and would have to inform the law about the situation. An other plot of revenge, which was by Toy, was when he killed Yam. Yam slept with Toy's wife, Bernice, which angered him. It again just made matters worse because he killed a man and had to serve time in jail for it. His revenge was not justifiable because it did not help anyone but instead it hurt himself and ended with the death of Yam. These are two scenes from The Homecoming of Samuel Lake that proves that revenge is not justifiable. In To Kill a Mockingbird, there are plenty of acts of revenge that take place throughout the story. Bob Ewell takes his revenge on Atticus by beating up his kids, Jem and Scout. He does this because of how Atticus was embracing him in the courtroom. Atticus doesn't go back at him seeking revenge but instead he steps up and becomes the bigger person to not go and get revenge back at Bob. This is what everyone should do instead of going back to get revenge because it just makes matters worse. Another plot of revenge in To Kill a Mockingbird is when Jem went to cut Mrs. Dubose's flowers. Jem does this because Mrs. Dubose called Atticus a "nigger lover," which angered him. Jem's revenge actually made matters worse for him. It backfired on him because he ended up having to read to Mrs. Dubose for a month as punishment. It was torture for him but that's why revenge is not justifiable because it just makes things worse for those who seek revenge. These examples show how revenge should ne ver be justifiable. Some people believe that revenge is justifiable. They thought that when Samuel killed Ras that it was justifiable. They thought this because Ras was evil, dirty, and an abusive man who raped Samuel's daughter who was the reason Samuel killed Ras. Some people think that because it involved Swan that it was justifiable for Samuel to get his revenge. But it really wasn't justifiable because it made matters worse because he had to tell the local law enforcement and when it came down to it Toy took the fall. They didn't believe that Samuel killed Ras because he was a pastor. They thought Toy did because he killed Yam so even though Samuel told them that it was him, but they arrested Toy. This just shows why revenge is not justifiable it changed everything for the kids and Samuel because Toy is gone and what for Blade. Some people also thought that